Branches of Criminalistics

Within the criminology there are technical applications of the work of different disciplines, auxiliary sciences and expert laboratories, among which are:

· Forensic anthropology: is the application of the science of Physical Anthropology to the legal process. To be able to determine the sex, size, age, ethnic group, and even reach the facial reconstruction of human remains. To be able to determine the sex, size, age, ethnic group, and even reach the facial reconstruction of human remains.

·Forensic ballistics: science that analyzes the firearms used in the crimes. It usually includes the study and analysis of projectiles and impacts determining the caliber of the fired weapon.

·Dactiloscopy: is the set of techniques and procedures that have as purpose the study and classification of fingerprints; using powders, iodine vapors, sodium cyano-acrylate or by means of the laser beam.

·Documentscopy: discipline related to the practical and methodical application of scientific knowledge, with the purpose of verifying the authenticity or determining the authorship of the documents.

·Hair and fiber study: Through chemical study it can be determined if the hair in the study is about human or animal hair, as well as other characteristics.

·Forensic Photography: The participation of the photographer to make the photographic fixation of the scene and everything related to it is fundamental; however, it is only the first part of his work, since later he will have to go to the forensic photography laboratory to carry out the development of the material with which the opinions will be illustrated.

·Forensic genetics: The study of biological material, such as saliva, semen, blood, hair, and other tissues, allows the typing of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), a modern identification method that, due to its great precision, has been called genetic fingerprinting.

Hematology: In this specialty the application of chemistry is essential if a stain that was found in the place of the fact is blood and if it is animal or human; in the case of human blood, the groups, subgroups and the RH factor will be determined.

·Forensic Medicine: If it is considered that the laboratory is the place where scientific research works are carried out, either the necrocomium or the Forensic Medical Services can be estimated as the laboratories that the doctors use for the thorough study of the corpse, and to determine their identity and cause of death.

·Forensic dentistry: is the application of dental knowledge for identification purposes and useful in Labor, Civil and Criminal Law. It is the branch of dentistry that deals with the management and proper examination of dental evidence and the assessment and presentation of dental findings, in the interest of justice.

·Forensic chemistry: It is the branch of Chemical Science that is in charge of the analysis, classification and determination of those elements or substances that were found in the place of the facts or that could be related to the commission of an illicit.

·Forensic toxicology: is the branch of toxicology that studies the methods of medical-legal investigation in cases of poisoning and death.